Dauenhauer Tlingit Oral Literature Collection, 1899-1999 | Sealaska Heritage Institute Archives

By Zachary R. Jones, Archivist

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Collection Overview

Scope and Contents of the Materials

Biographical Note

Subject/Index Terms

Administrative Information

Box and Folder Listing

Box 3: Items 155-235, Tapes 129-189.

Item 155:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 129. George Davis, undated. 33 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Box and cassette have an old #57.] Content by NMD: George begins with talking about trapping minks, otter, martin and wolves in the 1920s. Then talks about cutting wood for 50 cents an hour. He says he was going to go to school at Sheldon Jackson, but got the job cutting wood instead. George talks about the government shutting down beaver hunting for everyone. But then opening it only for selected people. Then he talks of hiking in a muskeg and finding an old road made of wood, he touched it and it fell apart. Then he talks about the government burning down all the smoke houses in the 1930s, because they didn't want any evidence that the Tlingit were living there; the government wanted to claim the land. He said they did this everywhere to claim all the land. He got a lawyer to help him try and reclaim the land the government was taking. Then the government tries to make the kids go to school so they won't go out and fish and trap. The George talks about halibut fishing and gathering food in Glacier Bay in 1957. 

Item 156:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 130. George Davis, 6-20-84. “Raven Cycle.” Recorded at Sealaska Heritage Foundation, Sealaska Plaza. 61 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Has old #7 on cassette and “blank” written on both Sides.] Content by NMD: George starts out telling Nora that his health is not good, his breathes keep getting shorter and shorter. A typewriter can be heard in the background. George also tells Nora that he is going blind. Nora says George is formatting everything he is going to do. The George tells The Raven And King Salmon story. Then he talks about Raven and the Bear.

Item 157:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 131 Side A. George Davis, undated. 46 minutes in length. Box insert reads:  “Tuxstaa or Deli Kooshdaa; planning for Sitka Native Elders Conference.  Nora transcribed Tuxstaa in the 1980s; a draft printout is extant.” Appears to have been recorded at SHF on 6/20/84. Content by NMD: George is talking about Shaman, Nora says it is difficult to understand him. Nora says she already transcribed this. George says that the Tlingit history is sinking and the mud is deep on it already. Charlie Joseph can be heard talking to George. Then George talks about how he wishes that the Tlingit history could be recorded without being mixed up with the white man's history. He says that there are smart ones among us that could do it before it's too late. George and Charlie are talking about this together. Then someone interrupts the interview and wants them to change it into a meeting. This person is unknown and starts telling his own stories. 

Item 158:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 131 Side B. George Davis, undated. 46 minutes in length. Box insert reads: “Tuxstaa or Dleit Kooshdaa; planning for Sitka Native Elders Conference.  Nora transcribed Tuxstaa in the 1980s; a draft printout is extant.” Appears to have been recorded at SHF on 6/20/84.  Content by NMD: The tape starts with the unknown person from side A. Nora thinks this person could be Walter Williams. Walter talks about seeing relatives after a long time of absence.  A.P. Johnson then talks about himself working. Charlie Joseph speaks again about how the Kaagwaantaan make a sound when they are dying, and that he is going do it when he dies. Charlie then talks about canoes. Charlie also tells a Glacier Bay story. Nora says this group of guys are the master story tellers. Needs to be transcribed at the end.

Item 159:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 132 Side A. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 46 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Note: the box and cassette are both labeled GD.02, and the following boxes GD.03-05. The box labeled GD.01 in the series does not contain a Tape of George Davis, but something unrelated.] Content by NMD: George starts out talking about how they don’t get paid by the hour, but the white man gets paid for collecting their stories. He then talks about Angoon people looking for a safe place to live. George talks about the different clans in the Angoon area.

Item 160:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 132 Side B. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 46 minutes in length. [Note: the box and cassette are both labeled DG. 02 and the following boxes GD. 03-05. The box labeled GD.01 in the series does not contain a Tape of George Davis, but something unrelated.] Content by NMD: George first tells a story of a man named Kaadah'anx' from Angoon. Then talks about shaman the name and how shaman came be.

Item 161:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 133 Side A. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73.  45 minutes in length. Telling Raven stories in Tlingit. Content by NMD: This tape begins with Nora, Eva Davis and George Davis talking about Glacier Bay and the history of The Woman That Calls Glacier. Then Eva talks about the house in Hoonah, someone is apologizing for not giving the house to Willie and Jim Marks. Then George talks about the bombing of Angoon in 1882. Then George tells story a Raven "The Fisherman Of The Night". Content by FW: A) Speaking to woman about a different version of this story some in Sitka had told her about the woman “Shaawastéek’,”; B) Woman speaking in Tlingit tells Nora that the story is of Nora’s Clan the Raven Sockeye; C) Woman tells of the young girl who called the glacier in Glacier Bay that is of the Chookaneidi Clan; D) George Davis tell about the white think that the elder Tlingit’s have forgotten their history and stories.; E) Tells of the history that some of the Tlingit moved to Sitka when Angoon was bombarded; F) Our History has been written in German and Russian We are not losing our language G) Tells of the Raven pulling in the Yaxhkután Kahidí (Digginaa Hít) in the Dry bay (Yakutat) area with an Octopus Tentacle cane the Tlingit  in Yakutat can tell the story of this Raven episode; H) Raven is waking up the village telling them that he has pulled in the Yaxhkután Kahidí. (Far out House); I) Another Raven episode when Raven flew into the whale he saw breaching way out in the ocean  and while in the whale he composes a song for the whale to beach itself on a fine sandy and gravel beach. Tells of how the Raven at the Head of the Nass River has the box of daylight and the stars; J) Raven made a journey to the Nass River because the Head of the Nass has a daughter. whom they gave a drink of water that had a Hemlock needle that she swallowed and was impregnated by it.; K) Tells of how baby raven was born on the moss. How rapidly he grew into a toddler, how his grandfather gave him almost everything he asked for. this tells why today almost every grandchild is spoiled by his Grandparents; L) The last thing he cried for was the box with the sun in it.  And the animal today in the forest ran into the forest and the sea animal went in the seas; M) The telling of these Raven stories is what we get our way of life and how we will live when hearing these stories they made you think about your own journey in life.

Item 162:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 133 Side B. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 45 minutes in length. Content by NMD: George starts out talking about the Raven and the Nass River story, which is located in British Columbia. Raven is inviting people to his potluck, Raven gathered all kinds of marine life like salmon, clams and seaweed, and brought it to the bay where the potluck was going to be held. Then Raven made a "kaw" sound and they all turned into stone. Then George talks about white people who came to their villages to interview and gather stories and then are never seen again. Then he talks about his relatives who migrated back inland. He said there's a house in the interior that had big screen that was carved, not painted. Then George talks about the flood that took place in Alaska a long time ago. He said there is evidence of the flood on the mountains, on monuments that the Tlingits put up. He knows this because he was a hunter, and found these while he was hiking around all over. He thinks there might be petroglyphs where they found the monuments, but they didn't look for them. He said the people made rafts so they could save themselves when the flood came. Then he talks about the moon and stars.  Yaxt'e is the Tlingit name for the Big Dipper. He also talks about Raven coming to the Dog group. Then talks about the stars and the weather. He also speaks about how an uncle and a nephew are related. Tape ends before he is done talking.

Items 163-4:      Mis-numbered, no items for these call numbers.

Item 165:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 134 Side A. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 45 minutes in length. [Box and cassette are labeled GD. 04. Side 1 notes “story”.] Content by NMD: George begins talking about flood again, he said he keeps getting side tracked when talks about it and doesn't finish the story. Then he talks about living in the interior; he said they had no idea how long they lived there. They discovered salmon when they were there and when they ate it it made them stronger. He then talks about his relatives in the interior, and how they found the same food from the coast.  Then he talks about other Native Americans and the Navajo being very close to Tlingit language and that they also have a few of the same names as the Tlingits. Then he tells the story of "going under the ice" by the killer whale people. He said that the people only knew how to make a raft, they learned how to make a canoe from the Tsimshian people. He said that after making their canoe they left Beam Canal. Xeil and Gaash were names of the communities. He said that the Athabascans got scared of a big lake because they remembered the flood. He said the Tlingits would watch the tides, leaving a stick in the dirt to mark high and low. They were keeping track because of the flood. The Tlingits invited the people of "Kiks" and they turned out to be frogs; they chew their food they just stuck it right in their throat. He speaks of Mountain Point that belongs to the Teikweidí people. He says when that when the tourists come tell them, "No cameras, no writing; just listen."

Item 166:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 134 Side B. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 45 minutes in length. [Box and cassette are labeled GD. 04.  Side 1 notes “Story”.] Content by NMD: George starts out talking about the woman that married the brown bear story. Then talks about old time boat building, making a canoe out of a tree. Then he talks about how they used to use a white or black rock to write with. And then the names of the months. Nora comments that George knows a lot about history. He even talks about God and Tlingit spirits, and how if you don't live right God will punish you. After that he talks about changes of season throughout the year, even mentioning the moon. Then he talks about land and building houses, he even talks about "old refrigerators", the kind where you dug hole under the house and made a cache in the cold dirt. And life in a village, all the things they used to do.

Item 167:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 135 Side A. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 45 minutes in length. Box and cassette are labeled GD. 05. Content by NMD: George talks about his childhood. Then he talks about Raven and the controller of the tide story. Then he gets into a petroglyph topic and the art designs used to make them. Then he talks about Raven again. He said that when they told the Raven Cycle it took two whole days. Then George and Eva Davis talk about Louis Shotridge, the first Tlingit to write about Tlingit Intellect and how he died before he could finish. He talks about marking a rock that’s located near Gambier Bay, with a colored drum, that a steam boat hit. Content by FW: A) George is talking about the facts that the Tlingit people had stories of a creator And people didn’t believe in our versions of the creation of the World we were laughed at about our creation stories because they only knew of what they called God in the bible. B)  The name of the creator before Raven was called “Controller of the Tides”; C) Talks about the House Leaders were made from the time he was a child, told stories that he listened to so he wouldn’t get into trouble by what he said; D) Raven Story begins when the controller of the tides had a sister and the nephews were killed before they could become grown; E) So one day a good Omen comes to the women a male was born after being instructed to swallow a smooth stone from the beach. The entire preceding story has been the makings for the Raven that the Tlingit call our creator; F) Tells when the Raven creation story is told its usually done by two people which takes two days; G) Yakutat has stories of Raven and what he did in that part of the world his footprints are there among other Geographical landmarks portraying Ravens doings that the Yakutat area is known for; H) Nora Dauenhauer tells about her experience translating Tlingit stories and her work in using John Swanton’s work to reference her own work because of some of the old Tlingit words that Elders aren’t available to help her translate; and I) Private conversation between Nora and George.

Item 168:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 135 Side B. George Davis, Hoonah, 4-2-73. 47 minutes in length. Box and cassette are labeled GD.05. Content by NMD: George continues talking about the rock in the water near Gambier Bay, and tells about a steam boat that hit it, he said it made a really loud "crack" when it hit. The boat sunk into 90 feet of water, there were a lot of people on the deck of the boat. Only one  boy was saved  from the wreck, and he wasn't even wet when they found him. He also talks about other people they found, and he told the white people that they know how to save people that have drowned, but they wouldn't listen to him. Then George starts to talk about Tuxstaa who is a shaman. Then George gets into a Kooshdaa story, a white skinned Kooshdaa. The kooshdaa uses a king crab shell as a drum and sings a song.

Item 169:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 136. George Davis 6-20-84. Recorded at Sealaska Heritage Foundation. Raven stories. 48 minutes in length. [See also 130 above, of the same date and does not appear to be a copy.] Audio quality is poor to fair.

Item 170:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 137 Side A. George Davis, 6-21-84. Recorded at Sealaska Heritage Foundation, Nora Dauenhauer is interviewer, Tape 1. 47 minutes in length. Content by NMD: George is talking about raven.  Talking about the different seasons.  He is talking about the illnesses that people are getting today and how we never got these different sickness long time ago. He is talking about Tlingit medicine.

Item 171:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 137 Side B. George Davis, 6-21-84, Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF.  Continued from previous.

Item 172:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 138 Side A. George Davis, 6-22-84, Tapes 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF. Side 2, George Davis and Austin Hammond. Content by NMD: George is talking about his relatives that he met.

Item 173:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 138 Side B. George Davis, 6-22-84, Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF. Side 2, George Davis and Austin Hammond. 48 minutes. Content by NMD: Austin Hammond is talking with George Davis.  They  are talking about the way we lived and the different things we observed in our life that we no longer do anymore.  They are discussing the Chinook language, (a trade language).  They are talking about the first schooner that came to Sitka. George is talking about Tlingit land.  He is talking about the decisions concerning Tlingit land and how, more and more, these decisions do not include our Tlingit people.  George is now talking about medicine.  He is talking about how good the medicine is.  He would not give how to make it to a white man because they would sell it to another white man and they both would get rich leaving out the Tlingits.  He is talking about Kooshdaa Kwaáni.

Item 174:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 139. George Davis and Austin Hammond, 6-22-84, Tape 2, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF. 48 minutes in length. Content by NMD: George is talking about salmon.  Telling that there is no farm and no one plants them.  It occurs naturally.  He is talking about the growth of salmon.  They are talking about land that people hold from each other.  Talking about Lukaax.ádi land.  Austin and George are discussing land.

Item 175:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 140. George Davis and Austin Hammond, 6-22-84, Tape 2A, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF. 47 minutes in length. [Date on Side B is 6-21-84, possibly a mistake. Tape 2A appears to be the 3^rd in the 6-22-84 series.] Content by NMD: George is talking about when small pox killed most of the people leaving only two people alive. This was at Corsins Cove.  He is singing the song that they sang, a lament for their dead relatives. They were digging there to farm salmon and they found a whole bunch of skeletons. Katakw.ádi is the name of the group of clan members they are talking about. Kaatsaxunei is the name of the man he mentions while he is talking.  He is talking about how the three clans formed. The clans are Wooshkeetaan, Katakweidi, and Shangukeidí.  George is talking about the Deisheetaan clan from Angoon.  George is talking [to? about?] Forrest de Witt.  He is telling a story about frogs.  He is telling about when they were feeding the frogs so that the frogs could dance for them.  He is explaining how the clan Kiks.ádi began. 

Item 176:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 141 Side A. George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: George is talking about the battle of Sitka between Tlingit and Russian peoples.  He is talking about the clans that were involved in war and about Katlian. The clans named are Kaagwaantaan, Chookaneidí, Kiks.ádi and L’uknax.ádi. George says that these clans have a right to participate in the story telling because their homes were in Sitka.  He asked for the raven hat. He says they had time to talk but we are not sure if they did.  He confirmed some of the points in the Sitka story like store burning and the Russians putting up the white flag.

Item 177:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 141 Side B. George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: George is telling about how the Tlingits escaped from Sitka after the battle.  He is talking about who started the fight.  He said the Russians gave up which is why they had a white flag on their flag pole.  He is saying that he cannot claim the stories himself because of the other people involved in the story. George is talking about medicine now.  He is saying that devils club juice is good for all kinds of illness.  He is now talking about Kaakaldéini.  Kaakaldéini is Lukaax.ádi.  He is now talking about the United States bombing Angoon in 1882.  He is talking about Forrest de Wit Jr.  He was married to a Salvation Army woman.

Item 178:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 142 Side A. George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 2, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: Skinning trade, telling about the animal pelts. George also talks about the Angoon battle. Whaling at Killisnoo and the burning of Angoon (bombardment of 1882). He also goes on to tell about other men messing around with another's wife.  This takes place at Duncan Canal.  He talks about At.óow that was sold.  Also mentioning how the Frog house began (Kiks.ádi), how the people who helped tow the big Frog carving to the house site were given names.  This Frog carving also known as At.óow that was sold.  George also tells his real name, and tells how theorizing how Tlingit history should be told.  He tells how 10 Aleuts came to fight with Kaagwaantaan. He sings a Beaver song. He tells how the Kaagwaantaan crest is the Beaver as is the Deisheetaan. Kaagwaantaan are Eagle and the Deisheetaan are Raven.

Item 179:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 142 Side B. George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 2, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: L’uknax.ádi Tells Raven story, along with Raven and the Flood.  He also tells a riddle.  A man was goat hunting, he went to a place where it's hard to get to; he couldn't turn around but found a goat to ride on.  He must have been a shaman; as he was riding he would chew up greens and spit them about.  He mentions resources, coal, gold, oil, how its all over.  Separated as some is on other clans' lands.  Salmon migration, and how you can tell the different species apart.  He also tells about some companies and how well their business is.  He tells how we should keep telling these stories, especially of wars and battles. He shows on a map of where people fought and died.  A song he sang that is sung before death or during death, Woogakeínáa. He tells of fighting and more war.

Item 180:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 143 Side A. George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 3, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Side A has June 84, Side B has June 25, 84, and so this is presumably Tape 3 of June 25 and not June 26. Content by NMD for Tape 143: George is talking about fighting on the reef. Daax haat kanadaa., which is located by Angoon. They are deciding who the peacemakers are going to be. They are  talking about how Tlingit made peace.  Sun Peacemaker.  The peacemaker was not allowed to drink water.  The Kaagwaantaan were kept from drinking water. They were sharpening their spears that they were going to kill him with because he was fooling around with a woman, someone's wife.  He said, "Your nephew would come to me with peacemakers blanket."  Tsimshian killed them.  We are told never to tell these stories because it will cause trouble, George says. George is saying that if the new generation may be able to tell the story in a way that is not harmful to anyone George says.  He wanted to make peace with the Tsimshian and no one agreed to do this with him  (Wrangell and Angoon).  Raven wanted to test the ground squirrels for avalanche tests.  People started to run from it and he started to drink the grease. He was so curious to taste the ground squirrel stew.  Raven went and stuck his head in there and it was so bitter that no one does eat it.  They are going to work on the moon and the 12 months.  One guy has 13 names and the other has 12.  They begin arguing to which person is correct.  Jimmy Johnson age was 104 years old he says.  He is singing a Kooshdaa song.   

Item 181:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 143 Side B.  George Davis, June 25, 1984, Juneau, Tape 3, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Side A has June 84, Side B has June 25, 84, so this is presumably Tape 3 of June 25 and not June 26. Continued from previous.

Item 182:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 144 Side A. George Davis, June 26, 1984, Juneau Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: Starts by talking of migration from the interior to Haines area, on foot.  He says they come from Duncan canal.  He says the Chookaneidí came down too.  He tells of the flood, and how they were displaced by the glacier.  For some reason they were worried about 1991, Nora had forgotten why.  Gold was found in the interior by Skookum Jim, his relatives bothered him in wanting some before he died.  He said he would just give it away, he said it would kill them.  He found a gold shaped Frog, they think it was fossilized.  He mentions Klukwan, were the elders will gather, Nora offers to stop so he can save some stories for them.  Eva tells of a girl who taught the bird to say Chookaneidi.  George tells of his fishing on the boat Gypsy.  Fishing at Homeshore.

Item 183:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 144 Side B. George Davis, June 26, 1984, Juneau, Tape 1, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content by NMD: He tells a story of a giant rat, the boys gave the rat their sister.  She loved the rat.  New story, the woman who turned into an owl.  A couple was mad at the Haida, some kids got in trouble and were buried in a boat in the ground.  They (Nora & George) discuss sexism in the village.  He says, maybe most people don't want to talk to Nora because she is a woman. He tells her because the history is sometimes embarrassing. He tells of how the Haida are a very proud people. How he heard of a war party forming, but the party couldn't go as they didn't have a song.  He says they all decided to turn each other into shaman, then the test each other’s powers to see how 'tough' they are.  The shaman returned to Hoonah.  He ends the history here and starts another topic.  1921 he is in school and is told not to speak his language. He was told by a doctor that came to the school, he could tell his stories and sing too. He thought this was funny.

Item 184:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 145 George Davis, June 26, 1984, Juneau, Tape 2, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau. Content is of everyday casual conversation.

Item 185:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 146.  Jimmy George, May 6, 1973.  Migration and Naatsilanei. [Box and cassette have old number S-103.] Content by NMD: Naatsilanei - Killer Whale story.  A story of how one man became a Shaman in Tsaagwáa (a place).

Item 186:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 147. Gooch Eesh (Johnny C. Jackson), 8-1-73, Mt. Edgecombe Hospital. 54 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Box and cassette have old number JCJ.01.] Content by NMD: He is telling of Tinaa…when Lukaax.ádi and Kaach.ádi split up, they cut the tinaa in half and split it.  Migration. This is especially exciting for Nora as Johnny names many things and people.  He then goes on to tell about taboo stuff, and now how we don't have 'good luck' stuff as we don't have taboo stuff anymore.  Nora reads Johnny a story at the end. Content by FW: a) Johnny’s-Tlingit names: “Ghooch Eesh”, Naakilaan; b) talking about migrations after the great flood planned  by the Clan Leaders among his people After discovering Copper; c) “ Xhaak’eedagoo is an old name they have  known from travelling by “Xhaa” (paddles); d) Each leader had a copper shield (Tinaa) that he traveled with; e) Talking about the origin of the Lukaaxh name from an area they found in their migration; f) They found another area they named,”keexh’ liwoolkí” from a hole in a cliff they travelled through to the present “Kake.” g) They found this area and built a clan house called,“Khutis’ Hít”; h) The Lukaaxh people left the area they found first and searched for another area the area Jilkaat (Haines Chilkat River)_appealing to them.  and they named themselves Jilkaat Lukaax.ádi; i) The Lukaaxh intermarried with the Chilkat Kaagwaantaan; j) Lukaaxh history in Haines Chilkat area and names; k) Taboo is not known by anyone these days; l) what has happened to the legions of creatures we find that would bring us luck. 

Item 187:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 148 Side A. Gooch Eesh (Johnny C. Jackson), 8-3-73, Mt. Edgecombe Hospital. 47 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Box and cassette have old number #34.] Content by NMD: He is telling how the Tsimshian had Tlingit children.  He tells of the story of the Hoonah Seagull.  He sings Tlingit songs in Tsimshian entrance and exit songs.  He tells Nora how we got our songs and head dresses, they both came from Tsimshian.  He tells Nora it’s ok to have the Sockeye on her head dress.  J.B. Fawcett joins them.

Item 188:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 148 Side B. Gooch Eesh (Johnny C. Jackson), 8-3-73, Mt. Edgecombe Hospital. 46 minutes in length. Speaking in Tlingit. [Box and cassette have old number # 34.]

Item 189:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 149.  Andrew Johnny, 1-3-97 or 1-30-97, recorded by Nora Dauenhauer at SHF, Juneau.  Card insert says “History of North Pass, 1-3-97;” cassette says “History of Sumdum, 1-30-97”. Content by NMD: Glacier Bay…Sumdum Bay is Tracy arm.  Andrew tells of how they would sleep in their boat in Sumdum Bay and of 'real men'.  He tells of the giant Devil Fish (octopus), giant rat, and the underwater beetle (or crab?) which was 4 foot long.  He goes on to instruct Nora and Paul (Nora's brother).

Item 190:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 150 Side A. Shark House Potlatch, Tape #1. Recorded by Katherine Mills, Hoonah, 1968.  Copied from Reel to reel, 02-25-99. Content by NMD: Some original sing starts (traditional way).  J.B. Fawcett is present gives speech.  Another song. Unknown Speaker is hard to understand.  J.B. is leading the songs.  These are cry songs.

Item 191:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 150 Side B. Shark House potlatch, Tape #1. Recorded by Katherine Mills, Hoonah, 1968.  Copied from reel to reel, 02-25-99. Content by NMD: Continuation of Tape 150 Shark House Potlatch in Hoonah, AK.  These are all Wooshkeetaan songs, except one was Shangukeidí.

Item 192:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 151. Shark House Potlatch, Tape #2. Recorded by Katherine Mills, Hoonah, 1968.  Copied from reel to reel, 02-25-99.  Card insert has notes: “very good; very good Tape, from reel to reel”. Jessie Dalton speaks.

Item 193:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 152.  MC 1 Interior Trade Songs.

Item 194:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 153.  MC 2 Alfred Andrews. Mourning Songs. Songs from the memorial for Alfred Andrews (died 1950), hosted by James Klanott. Originally recorded 1951.

Item 195:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 154.  Recording labeled “Jimmy Marks, original songs, MC 3,” and contains individuals singing songs in Tlingit. 34 minutes in length.

Item 196:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 155.  MC 4 Recording of Jack David (Lukaax.ádi clan) being interviewed by Nora Marks Dauenhauer, recording labeled “Jack David, Eagle Spirit,” likely recorded at Haines. Speaking and singing in Tlingit. 24 minutes in length. Content by DK: Jack David begins by telling the story of Kaakaldéinee, a man who was of his grandfather’s people, and how Kaakaldéinee was injured while he was traveling in the interior with his nephews. Since Kaakaldéinee was so injured, he urged his nephews to travel on without him, and composed his own memorial song as they left him, includes the song/s composed by Kaakaldéinee (Lukaax.ádi songs), 0-8:49; [hereafter the recording’s audibility is poor to inaudible due to background noise] he continues about stories of fishing and hunting, with a song or two, final moments of the recording are inaudible, 8:50 to end of recording.

Item 197:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 156. MC 5 Jimmy Marks Songs.  Label implies these are “personal songs” and from “MC 5”, undated. Singing in Tlingit. 11 minutes in length.

Item 198:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 157.  Recording of Jimmy Marks (Chookaneidi clan) being interviewed by Nora Marks Dauenhauer, labeled “Jimmy Marks stories. MC 6,” undated.  Speaking in Tlingit. 31 minutes in length. Content by DK: Marks tells a story about an unfaithful wife, how the community responded and how her lover was killed, then departures from the community to Lukaax, from where the Lukaax.ádi name originates, 0-16:58, then a discussion on a battle between the Killer Whale/Raven and the Sockeye/Raven family, some young men of the Sockeye/Raven family killed a Killer Whale/Raven íxt’, a battle and conflict ensued, many were killed, esspecialy from the Eagle side, excluding those of the Shangukeidí family. Mention of the Shangukeidí spiritual woman Kaax’ati (sometimes spelled Kaa háni), which means the woman who stood in the place of a man. Thereafter Marks speaks about where certain people and clans moved, including Lukaax.ádi migration history.

Item 199:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 158.  MC 7. Recording labeled “Jack David.  Peace Ceremony.  Peace Songs.” Contains singing in Tlingit. 22 minutes in length.

Item 200:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 159.  MC 8. Jimmy Marks songs.  Note on cassette: “all are transcribed in Tlingit and translated, 3/21/83.”

Item 201:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 160.  MC 9. Recording labeled “Jack Davis, Al Andrews,” undated. Contains singing in Tlingit. 9 minutes in length.

Item 202:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 161.  MC 11. Labeled “Andrew Gamble, Kaakaa.” “Note:  there is no MC 10 in the series.” Content by NMD: Kaakáa story of the man that was tricked by Kooshdaa kaa.  Next story is Shanyaakú tlaá about the boy who turned into a Salmon. Third story, Chus yataayí shaluxéech, the man who killed his sleep.  Fourth story is about Kooshdaa káa, a scary story.  Revenge story about a goat, some orphans, and a lady.  Last story of Atkáasí

Item 203:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 162.  MC 12.  Tlingit unknown.  Case inserts notes: these singers are Kendall Williams, Frances Williams, Anny Marks, and Jennie Marks.

Item 204:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 163.  MC 13 Jessie Kasko. Content by NMD: Jenny is explaining about her ancestors.  She talks about history.  They talk about the Sealaska census.

Item 205;            Oral Literature Collection Tape 164. MC 14 Esther Johnson (Xeiltl) (Thunderbird) Xeitl Hít (Thunderbird House) of Dry Bay/Alsek River, labeled “Songs from Yakutat,” undated. 27 minutes in length. Includes stories and songs in Tlingit. Content; 1) History of Lukaax.ádi (Raven Sockeye Clan) in Alsek river area Dry Bay; 2) 14 villages of the Lukaax.ádi (Raven Sockeye Clan) in the Dry Bay/Alsek River area; 3) Lukukdawóox’,” name of the boats used in the Alsek River by the Lukaax.ádi (Raven Sockeye); 4) “Jikwayáan”, what the Lukaax.ádi (Raven Sockeye Clan) yelled out and was the start of a clan song for them as they went under the Glacier Ice safely in their travels back and forth up and down the Alsek River, where they went to get furs for their clothing and trading. Content by FW.

Item 206:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 165.  MC 15 Recording labeled “Jimmy Marks stories” and contains Jimmy Marks being interviewed by Nora Marks Dauenhauer, recording also labeled taped by Horace Marks,” undated. 21 minutes in length. Speaking and singing in Tlingit. Content review by DK: Marks tells (or continues from a previous recording) the latter half of the Lkeeyí Story, which overviews the travels and life of Lkeeyí and his mother. Mentions various placenames like Yoobella (no letter “b” in Tlingit, but it is used), from where the man Lkeeyí traveled from, discusses his mother, the making of a bow, and travel from Daxának (Berners Bay), followed by a songs connected to the story, and how the mother needed to obtain/offer [?] clan compensation for wrongs committed, travel over a glacier to a Gaanaxteidí community. [Some songs appear be Chookaneidi, but all could be Chookaneidi, but this needs verification from a Chookaneidi.]

Item 207:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 166.  MC 16. Recording labeled “Jessie Kasko stories,” undated. 9 minutes in length. Recording contains a few men and women singing songs in Tlingit, with some Tlingit speaking. The final two minutes of the recording contains a Christian sermon that is not associated with the recording.

Item 208:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 167.  MC 17.  Henry Denny.  Cassette notes, “Florendo collection”. Content by NMD: Henry is talking in a different dialect.  He is explaining how which crests his ancestors claim and why.  He is from Saxman (Ketchikan).  He tells how people chose where to live and why.  The balance of Eagle and Raven.

Item 209:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 167 Side B.  MC 17. Henry Denny. Cassette notes, “Florendo collection”. Content by NMD: Continuation from Tape 167 Side A.  He talks about the Flood and the Teikweidí.  The Neix.ádi from Saxman (they claim both Eagle and Raven). Speaking in Tlingit.

Item 210:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 168.  Alfred Andrews.  Side B, Grandpa Klanott.  Insert notes “Marks Collection”.  This Tape is possibly a source and duplicate of MC2 and MC 9, 153 and 160 above. Content by NMD: These are all Lukaax.ádi cry songs.  A potlatch for Alfred Andrews hosted by James Klanott, Jenny Marks, Emma Marks, Horace Marks.

Item 211:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 169.  Recording labeled “Jenny Marks Charms,” dated 8-6-72. 1 hour and 2 minutes in length. Contains Nora Marks Dauenhauer interviewing Jenny Marks in Tlingit. Content review by DK: Marks speaks about various aspects of spirituality, largely Tlingit spirituality but also mention of how Christianity did and did not interface with Tlingit spirituality; includes discussion on traditional medicines, traditional healers, and four spirit people that lived with Marks for a period of time, 0-20:12; general conversation about the use of bow and arrows and the introduction of the rifle to the Tlingit, discussions (brief mentions) of migration history, such as how people walked inland to Dry Bay, discussion of Dezadeash Lake, Yukon; and how inland individuals took Tlingit names and became Tlingit; 20:13-30:09; then general conversation about Skookum Jim as a guide to the interior and his discovery of gold, 30:10-40:54; then Marks begins discussing, but primarily mentioning many Tlingit names, most Lukaax.ádi clan names, but also Gaanaxteidí and Sockeye/Raven names, 41:00-62:27.

Item 212:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 170.  David Williams and Willie Marks. Hoonah, 8-11-72.  46 minutes in length. Speaking. Audio quality is very poor and hard to hear.

Item 213:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 171.  Betty Davis, Mary Johnson, Jenny marks, Louise Williams, Joking about their cousins and comical situations. 10-71. “Bad taping” written on cassette.

Item 214:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 172.  Emma Marks and Willie Marks, Sitka, 2-15-73.  Side 1. 1, Kaats’; 2, Woman who married the bear; 3, Lkayaakwxus.eeti; 4, Gagaan yatx’I; 5, Xeitl taawwudutseixi; 6, Xaakw Lukaax. Adi; 7, Leikw; 8, Geesan; 9, Tlaganaagadei; 10, Kanagoo/ Sh wudlixashi kaa; 11, Geek’i.  Side 2. 1, Shaxoo  Ixti kooshdaa; 2, Gundz ? spirits, chaatl, yak; 3, gaaw shake, cheetk; 4, Bullhead weix’, stars; 5, Jack and Jack on the moon.  Has older #10. Content by NMD: Kaats'; Woman who married the Brown Bear; story of Lk'ayaak'w x'us.eetí a man who did something (wrong) and decided to leave.  He began to walk and walk and walk, his snowshow tracks lead up to the sky; Gagaan yatx'I;  Xeitl t'aaw wuduts'eixi;  X'aakw Lukaax.ádi;  Leik'w;  Geesán;  Tl'aaganaagadéi;  Kanagoo / shwudlix'ashi kaá;  Geek'i.

Item 215:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 173.  J.B. Fawcett, Juneau, 5-14-71.  Label reads; Side 1. 1, going down to the coast song; 2, Tlein taan; 3, Flood; 4, Xajawsaa song 1; 5, Juneau gold; 6, Treadwell; 7, Perseverance.  Side 2. 1, Singei, Kiks.ádi; 2, Gold; 3, itjishaanax; 4, shaanax tlein, Montana Creek; 5, Aangooxayei, Fish Creek; 6, Koosh kaan Tlaa; 7, Kaaxgal.aat, Aanchgaltsoow.  Has older #4.  Content by NMD: J.B. is said to be the number one song leader.  Story of area scouting, travelling down the coast, going under the glacier. He tells of how the women would get trees tied to their heads when sending them under.  The trees would tell the women when the ice was too close (it would shake, scrape, wriggle).  Song is from after the flood.  He goes on to tell about gold in Juneau.  J.B. names the Juneau mines.  Perseverance and AJ mines.  He talks about working in the mine, wages and labor.

Item 216:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 174 Side B.  J.B. Fawcett, Juneau, 5-14-71.  Label reads; 1, Yeik (?), Tlaxaneis noow; 2, S’eekxasheeyee; 3, Seekxasheeyee; 4, Gooch Daasheeyee; 5, 2^nd Gooch Daasheeyee, Koo yeil; 6, Cheet wootsaagaa, Yaanashtuk; 7, Gunanaa; 8, Song from Raven and Daylight from W/B, composed by Aandei Yeik. Has old #9.

Item 217:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 175 Side A.  J.B. Fawcett. Mt. Edgecombe Hospital, 8-23-73.  Label reads; Side 1, Raven, Yikteiyi.  Side 2, Ixt’, Doc.  Has old #30 on Side 2, and #31 on Side 1. Content by NMD: J.B. gives his belief of Jesus, he compares Raven to Jesus and his work. Raven and the Box of Daylight. J.B. tells Nora, part of Tlingit education is the Raven stories.  Song for Raven. He tells Nora of 'magic' happenings during potlatches (i.e. magic show, exhibition, fun and games).  He tells Nora of how people are getting rich from selling the Tlingit stories.

Item  218:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 175 Side B.  J.B. Fawcett. Mt. Edgecombe Hospital, 8-23-73.  Label reads; Side 1, Raven, Yikteiyi.  Side 2, Ixt’, Doc.  Has old #30 on Side 2, and #31 on Side 1. Continuing from previous, content by NMD: J.B. tells of what happened to a Shaman. An example was made.

Item 219:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 176. Mrs. J. C. Johnson (Chookaneidi clan, Naanaa Hit). 4-1971. Taped by Nora Florendo (Nora Marks Dauenhauer). Content by NMD: She starts telling the story of Glacier Bay.  Gusuwaayei gunaanaa song.  She talks about spiritual songs, (shaman songs).  Cry song is sung.  She would switch between Lukaax.ádi and Chookaneidí songs.  Peace song (John Marks is present).  More songs and laughter having fun.

Item 220:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 177.  Frank Williams (Koodenahaa), Anchorage, 1-15-76.  Recorded and interviewed by linguist Jeff Leer (Yeilkuneiyi). Telling stories in English and Tlingit for linguistic research of Leer.

Item 221;            Oral Literature Collection Tape 178. Burt Dennis, Haines, 8-29-70. Content by NMD: Bert is telling of how he was being enticed (tricked) by Kooshdaa. Bert tells of a Chilkoot village that was totally wiped out by an avalanche; everyone died except one man a Shangukeidí, all his family Lukaax.ádi died.  He tells about Talkú near Devil's Thumb Mt near Wrangell.  Kooshdaa Hit Shaa Hit.

Item 222:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 179 Side A. Burt and Marion Dennis 70^th anniversary, 6-23-73.  Sides 1 and 2.  Has older #45.

Item 223:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 179 Side B.  Burt and Marion Dennis 70^th anniversary, 6-23-73.  Sides 1 and 2 have older #45. Geesan Dancers perform.

Item 224:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 180 Side A.  Burt and Marion Dennis, anniversary, Geesan Dancers, 6-23-73.  Sides 3 and 4 have older #50. Content by NMD: Continuing celebrating.  Kaagwaantaan singing and dancing.  Gunaanaa songs or Interior songs.  Mk 19:20 "At the Cross" song.  Mk 21:30 "Oh how I love Jesus".  Mk 24:55 unknown.  Mk 35:00 "Lord's Prayer" Russian Orthodox version.  Mk 39:00 "Wash me white"?  Mk 40:30 "By and by".  Mk 42: 50 "Follow Jesus".  Mk 44:00 "unknown".  Salvation army songs.

Item 225:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 180 Side B. Burt and Marion Dennis, anniversary, Geesan Dancers, 6-23-73.  Sides 3 and 4 have older #50. Content by NMD: Sounds like the private sing group continuing. Tlingit Salvation Army songs. English version "How great thou are".

Item 226:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 181.  Burt and Marion Dennis, Jenny marks, John Marks. Haines, (6-23-73?).  Sides V sand VI.  Haines songs. Has older #47.

Item 227:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 182.  Jim Fox. From collection of Mrs. (Carol Beery) Davis, copy of a copy of Jim Fox, 8-10-years old.  First copy 8-23-72, 7:20 pm; this cassette copy 2-7-78. Content; Mr. and Mrs. Davis were the first writers in Juneau, interviewing Tlingit people.  Recording is poor. 33:30 cry song.

Item 228:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 183. Jim Fox. From collection of Mrs. (Carol Beery) Davis, copy of a copy of Jim Fox, 8-10 years old.  First copy 6-27-73, 7:20pm; this cassette copy 2-7-78.  Note: Side I has original copy as “8-10 years old, 6-27-63”. Continued from previous.

Item 229:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 184 Side A. Unidentified Hoonah women talking in Tlingit with music in background.  Unlabeled cassette of same brand and bagged with same group as 183 and 183, presumably part of the Carol Beery Davis set.  Side two is dated Nov. 5^th (19)77. Content by NMD: Singing from Hoonah group.  Potlatch for Yéil, Ch'áak' are giving comfort.  Amy Marvin is present, as is Austin Hammond.  Cry songs are sung Mk 31:35 Jimmy Marks song is sung.

Item 230:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 184 Side B.  Unidentified Hoonah woman talking in Tlingit with music in background.  Unlabeled cassette of same brand and bagged with same group as 183 and 183, presumably part of the Carol Beery Davis set.  Side two is dated Nov. 5^th (19)77. Continued from previous.

Item 231:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 185. Willie Marks, Raven and the Whale. (Cassette marked copy). Emma Marks gives her insight to the story.

Item 232:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 186. Willie Marks. Xakuch.  No date; recorded in Anchorage. 1.Zakuch; 2, Guwakaan song; 3, Dakaa kina kwaani; (cape?); 4, part of Tuxstaa; 5, Grandpa Jim Shaman; 6a, weather forecaster; b, sneeze as bad omen; c, cayenne pepper; 7, Shaak/shaa yaleeti. Content by NMD: Willie shares life stories.  Weather, sneezing, and fun with cayenne pepper are some of the topics, as well as Shamanism.

Item 233:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 187.  Susie James, Lullabies. Sitka, July 27, 1972 (? date on cassette is 5-31-73).  Side 1, Lullabies; Side 2, Seik, Daakwtaank. Peacemaking.

Item 234:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 188.  Mrs. Peter Johnny (Chookaneidi), 8-12-72.  Cassette has older # 59. Content by NMD: She tells of life and being a widow.  Kooshdaa sightings.  Interior trading.  Glacier Bay, when the glacier was coming down.

Item 235:            Oral Literature Collection Tape 189.  Andy Hope’s Grandmother, Agnes Dubke (1892-1981) at Sitka Pioneer Home, 11-30-72. Although the three speakers do not identify themselves in the recording, a family review of the recording leaned toward the speakers in the recording being Agnes Dubke, Nora Marks Dauenhauer, and Andy Hope.